بهبود مدیریت

بهبود مدیریت

تحلیل سیاست‌های حمایت از توسعه تجهیزات پزشکی در دوره کووید-19 در ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 عضو هیات علمی پژوهشکده مطالعات بنیادین علم و فناوری، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
2 دانشجوی دکتری آینده پژوهی، دانشکده حکمرانی، دانشگاه تهران
3 کارشناس‌ارشد مدیریت تکنولوژی، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه شهیدبهشتی
چکیده
در سال‌های اخیر، وقوع حوادث غیرمترقبه همچون تغییرات اقلیمی، تخریب محیط زیست و همه‌گیری‌ها در حوزه سلامت، علاوه بر ایجاد اختلال‌های اجتماعی، اقتصادی و سیاسی، تقویت زیرساخت‌های مقابله با چنین بحران‌هایی را گوشزد می‌نماید. کووید-19 به‌عنوان یکی از اخیرترین همه‌گیری‌های جهان شمول، ضعف‌های نظام‌های سلامت خصوصاً در زمینه تأمین تجهیزات پزشکی پیشگیری، تشخیص و درمان را آشکار نمود. در پاسخ به این چالش‌، بسیاری از کشورها از جمله ایران تلاش نمودند با اتخاذ و به کارگیری سیاست‌های متناسب با اقتصائات دوره کووید-19، توانمندی‌ خود را در زمینه تجهیرات پزشکی افزایش دهند. بر اساس هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی و تحلیل سیاست‌های حمایت از توسعه تجهیزات پزشکی در دوره کووید-19 است. در این راستا در ابتدا با مرور پیشینه و تجربیات بین‌المللی، چارچوب اولیه سیاستی حمایت از شرکت‌های حوزه تجهیزات پزشکی در دوره کووید-19 تدوین شد. انطباق این چارچوب با شرایط و اقتضائات ایران با نظر 7 خبره مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و اصلاحات لازم در چارچوب مفهومی پژوهش انجام شد. در ادامه، با انجام 13 مصاحبه نیمه‌ساختاریافته داده‌های مورد نیاز جمع‌آوری شد و تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها با کدگذاری و تحلیل محتوا انجام شد. بر اساس یافته‌ها، 3 دسته سیاست الف) مالی و مالیاتی، ب) تسریع و تسهیل مقررات، رویه‌ها و فرایندهای کارآزمایی و مجوزدهی و ج) حمایت‌ها و مشوق‌های کسب‌و‌کاری، تولید و شبکه‌سازی که بر توسعه تجهیزات پزشکی در دوره کووید-19 تاثیرگذار بود، شناسایی و تحلیل گردید. این سیاست‌ها عموماً با تسریع فرآیند‌های موجود و حمایت‌های جدید، به توسعه و تولید سریع تجهیزات پیشرفته‌ای نظیر ونتیلاتور و پالس‌اکسی‌متر در ایران منجر شد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Iran’s policies aimed at supporting medical equipment development during the COVID-19

نویسندگان English

Kiarash Fartash 1
Mohammadsadegh Khayatian 1
Tooba Baramaki 2
Amir Hasan Ranjbar 3
1 Faculty Member, Institute for Science and Technology Studies, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 PhD Candidate, Futures Studies, Faculty of Governance, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
3 Master of Management of Technology, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

In recent years, the occurrence of unexpected events such as climate change, environmental destruction, and health pandemics, in addition to creating social, economic, and political disturbances, highlights the strengthening of the infrastructure to deal with such crises. As one of the recent global pandemics, COVID-19 revealed the weaknesses of health systems, especially in providing medical equipment for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. In response to this challenge, many countries including Iran, tried to enhance their capabilities in medical equipment by adopting policies proportionate to the conditions of the COVID-19 period. Given the abovementioned, this paper intends to review and analyze policies aimed at supporting the development of medical equipment during COVID-19 in Iran. We first reviewed the literature and international experiences to propose a preliminary conceptual policy framework for supporting medical equipment, which seven experts confirmed as suitable for the specificities of the Iranian context. By conducting 13 semi-structured interviews, we collected primary data and analyzed them by content analysis. Our findings elaborate on three categories, including 1) financial and tax policies; 2) accelerating the process related to regulations, trials, and approvals; and 3) business, production, and networking incentives that influenced the development of medical equipment during COVID-19. Adopted policies in Iran led to the rapid development and production of advanced equipment, such as ventilators and pulse oximeters, by accelerating the existing processes and providing new supports that would not have been offered under normal circumstances. Our findings entail policy implications on supporting the development of medical equipment in the post-COVID-19 era.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها English

COVID-19
Medical equipment
Policy tools
Iran
براتلو، فاطمه. (1402). گرایش‌های موضوعی تولیدات علمی مرتبط با کووید 19 در حوزه‌های علوم انسانی و اجتماعی: مقایسه ایران و کشورهای شاخصِ پنج قاره. پژوهش نامه علم سنجی. دوره 9 شماره 17. صفحه‌ی 409 تا 446. Doi: https://doi.org/10.22070/rsci.2021.14917.1521
کمالی، یحیی و میرزایی، جلال. (1396). مقایسه‌ ساختار مدیریت بحران‌ در ایران، ژاپن، هند و ترکیه. مطالعات راهبردی سیاستگذاری عمومی. دوره 7 شماره 25. صفحه‌ی 245 تا 289.
طالاری، محمد و بیننده، آمنه. (1399). بررسی سیر تطور هم رقابتی و ارائه مدل جامع راهبرد هم رقابتی در شرایط تحریم. بهبود مدیریت. دوره 14 شماره 1. صفحه‌ی 95 تا 126. Doi: 10.22034/jmi.2020.107069
نصری، ابوالفضل، باقری، ابوالفضل و بوشهری، علیرضا. (1399). بررسی عوامل موثر بر شکل‌گیری راهبردهای شرکت‌های دانش‌بنیان آسیب‌دیده در بحران کرونا. بهبود مدیریت. دوره 14 شماره 4. صفحه‌ی 113 تا 135. Doi: https://doi.org/10.22034/jmi.2021.121905
نقی‌زاده، رضا و نامداریان، لیلا. (1398). سیاست‌های حمایت از شرکت‌های فناور نوپا. سیاست علم و فناوری. دوره 12 شماره 2. صفحه‌ی 296 تا285.  Dor: 20.1001.1.20080840.1398.12.2.19.4
Baratlou, F. (2021). Thematic trends of scientific productions related to Covid 19 in the fields of humanities and social sciences: A comparison of Iran and five leading continental countries. Scientometrics Research Journal, 9(1), 409-446. [In Persian].
Boettke, P., & Powell, B. (2021). The political economy of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Southern Economic Journal, 87(4), 1090-1106. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/soej.12488
Borrás, S., & Edquist, C. (2013). The choice of innovation policy instruments. Technological forecasting and social change, 80(8), 1513-1522. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2013.03.002
Bown, C. (2022). How COVID‐19 medical supply shortages led to extraordinary trade and industrial policy. Asian Economic Policy Review, 17(1), 114-135. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/aepr.12359
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101. doi: https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Buczak, A., Baugher, B., Martin, C., Keiley-Listermann, M., Howard, J., Parrish, N., & Dredze, M. (2022). Crystal cube: Forecasting disruptive events. Applied Artificial Intelligence, 36(1). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2021.2001179
Chundakkadan, R., Natarajan, R., & Sasidharan, S. (2022). Small firms amidst COVID‐19: Financial constraints and role of government support. Economic Notes, 51(3), e12206. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/ecno.12206
Cocks, D. (2021). MDRI to lead seminar series on “PPE for COVID-19” with ASEAN colleagues. Available at: https://blogs.flinders.edu.au/mdri-news/2021/02/17/mdri-to-lead-seminar-series-on-ppe-for-covid-19-with-asean-colleagues/
Dostal, ,. (2020). Governing under pressure: German policy making during the coronavirus crisis. The Political Quarterly, 91(3), 542-552. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-923X.12865
Eslami Andargoli, A., Gholipour, H., & Farzanegan, M. (2022). Government’s support for adoption of digital technologies and firms’ innovation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Applied Economics, 55(47), 1-10. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2022.2140110
Evenett, S. (2020). COVID-19 and trade policy: Why turning inward won’t work. Available at: https://cepr.org/system/files/publication-files/60044-covid_19_and_trade_policy_why_turning_inward_won_t_work.pdf
Falah Hasan, H. (2021). Legal and health response to COVID-19 in the Arab countries. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, 1, 141-1154.
Garzotto, F., Ceresola, E., Panagiotakopoulou, S., Spina, G., Menotto, F., Benozzi, M., & Opocher, G. (2020). COVID-19: ensuring our medical equipment can meet the challenge. Expert Review of Medical Devices, 17(6), 483-489. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/17434440.2020.1772757
Hartley, K., Kuecker, G., & Woo, J. (2019). Practicing public policy in an age of disruption. Policy Design and Practice, 2(2), 163-181. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/25741292.2019.1622276
Jiao, J., Shi, L., Zhang, Y., Chen, H., Wang, X., Yang, M., & Sun, G. (2022). Core policies disparity response to COVID-19 among BRICS countries. International journal for equity in health, 21(1). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-021-01614-z
Kamali, Y., & Mirzaei, J. (2018). Comparison of crisis management structure in Iran, Japan, India and Türkiye. Strategic studies of public policy, 7(25), 245-289. [In Persian].
Kuo, C. (2021). COVID-19 in Taiwan: Economic impacts and lessons learned. Asian Economic Papers, 20(2), 98-117. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1162/asep_a_00805 
Lagadec, P. (2009). A new cosmology of risks and crises: Time for a radical shift in paradigm and practice. Review of Policy Research, 26(4), 473–486. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-1338.2009.00396.x
Liu, J., Li, N., & Cheng, L. (2023). Mining and quantitative evaluation of COVID-19 policy tools in China. Plos one, 18(4), e0284143. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0284143
Mansfield, E. (2020). Ventilator makers meet first deadline; more than 4,400 delivered to help treat coronavirus. Available at: https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/investigations/2020/05/06/ventilator-makers-meet-first-deadline-deliver-4-4-k-amid-coronavirus/5176372002/
Meerow, S., Newell, J., & Stults, M. (2016). Defining urban resilience: A review. Landscape and Urban Planning, 38–49. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.11.011
Naghizade, R., & Namdarian, L. (2019). The Supportive Policies for New Technology-Based Firms (NTBFs). Science and technology policy, 12(2), 285-296. [In Persian].
Narayan, J., Jhunjhunwala, S., & Dwivedy, S. (2022). 3D printing during COVID-19: challenges and possible solutions. Emerging Applications of 3D Printing During CoVID-19 Pandemic, 179-192. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6703-6_10
Nasri, A., Bagheri, A., & Boushehri, A. (2020). Assessing the Factors Affecting the Formation of Damaged Knowledge-Based Companies in Coronavirus Crisis. Journal of Improvement Management. 14 (f). 113- 135. [In Persian].
Noor, M. (2022). Digital transformation is the key to a successful biopharma operation. Available at: https://www.businessnews.ie/life-sciences/digital-transformation-is-the-key-to-a-successful-biopharma-operation/
OECD. (2020a). COVID-19 and Africa: Socio-economic implications and policy responses. Available at: https://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/policy-responses/covid-19-and-africa-socio-economic-implications-and-policy-responses-96e1b282/
OECD. (2020b). The Covid-19 crisis: A catalyst for government transformation? Available at: https://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/policy-responses/the-covid-19-crisis-a-catalyst-for-government-transformation-1d0c0788/
OECD. (2020c). Crowdsourcing STI policy solutions to COVID-19. Available at: https://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/policy-responses/crowdsourcing-sti-policy-solutions-to-covid-19-c4f057b3/
OECD. (2020d). No policy maker is an island: The international regulatory co-operation response to the COVID-19 crisis. Available at: https://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/policy-responses/no-policy-maker-is-an-island-the-international-regulatory-co-operation-response-to-the-covid-19-crisis-3011ccd0/OECD. (2021a). R&D Tax Incentives: China. Available at: https://www.oecd.org/sti/rd-tax-stats-china.pdf.  
OECD. (2021b). the COVID-19 crisis in Serbia. Available at: https://www.oecd.org/south-east-europe/COVID-19-Crisis-in-Serbia.pdf
OECD. (2022). First Lessons from Government Evaluations of COVID-19 Responses: A Synthesis. Available at: https://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/policy-responses/first-lessons-from-government-evaluations-of-covid-19-responses-a-synthesis-483507d6/
Paunov, C., & Planes-Satorra, S. (2021). Science, Technology and Innovation in the Time of COVID-19. OECD Publication, 9. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1787/23074957
Putera, P., Widianingsih, I., Ningrum, S., Suryanto, S., & Rianto, Y. (2022). Overcoming the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia: A Science, technology, and innovation (STI) policy perspective. Health Policy and Technology, 11(3). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlpt.2022.100650
Ranney, M., Griffeth, V., & Jha, A. (2020). Critical supply shortages—the need for ventilators and personal protective equipment during the Covid-19 pandemic. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(18). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp2006141
Rassouli, M., Ashrafizadeh, H., Shirinabadi Farahani, A., & Akbari, M. (2020). COVID-19 management in Iran as one of the most affected countries in the world: advantages and weaknesses. Frontiers in public health, 551235. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00510  
Sajadi, H., & Hartley, K. (2022). COVID-19 pandemic response in Iran: A dynamic perspective on policy capacity. Journal of Asian Public Policy, 15(2), 228-249. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/17516234.2021.1930682
Schoenwaelder, S. (2020). Is Australia ready to become a global leader in medical research? Available at: https://womensagenda.com.au/latest/is-australia-ready-to-become-a-global-leader-in-medical-research/
Schwarzenberg, A., & Sutherland, M. (2020). COVID-19: China medical supply chains and broader trade issues. Congressional Research Service. Available at: https://www.everycrsreport.com/files/20200406_R46304_e2253330d53f6fc8b6394030e8e2eafd2035bfad.pdf
Sood, H., Kaur, S., & Sharma, I. (2022). Fostering Novel Materials and Subsisting Technologies for 3D Printing. Emerging Applications of 3D Printing During CoVID-19 Pandemic, 111-123. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6703-6_6
Talari, M., & Binandeh, A (2020). Historical trend of coopetition and developing a comprehensive model of coopetition strategy under sanctions. Journal of Improvement Management. 14 (1). 95-126. [In Persian].
Yun, T. (2022). Review of science and technology innovation policies in major Innovative-Oriented countries in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Biosafety and Health, 5(1), 8-13. Available at: https://mednexus.org/doi/epdf/10.1016/j.bsheal.2022.12.001

  • تاریخ دریافت 06 تیر 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 22 شهریور 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 02 مهر 1403