Defence Industries Training and Research InstituteJournal of Improvement Management2251-89916320120922The Effect of Social Capital on Knowledge Management Advance in the Affiliated Universities to the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology in GuilanThe Effect of Social Capital on Knowledge Management Advance in the Affiliated Universities to the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology in Guilan53142792FAMohammad DostarAssistant Professor, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.Mostafa Ebrahimpour AzbariInstructor, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.Sayed Hamed HashemiInstructor, Payame Noor University, Talesh, Iran.Journal Article19700101<span>This article survey the impact of social capital on the development of knowledge management and its five main processes includes acquisition, record, creation, transfer and application of knowledge in the Universities affiliated with the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology of Gilan. Today, organizations must be able to acquire the knowledge needed for innovation in products and improve processes and publish it among their employees and use in all their daily efforts. Understanding the factors influencing organizational knowledge management is the primary action of effective use of the organization's intellectual capital. The concept of social capital refers to link and communication between members of a network as a source of valuable, and with creating the norms and mutual trust, lead to achieving member goals. In the absence of social capital, other capitals lose their effectiveness and pacing the cultural and economic development and evolution ways is uneven and difficult. This article follows the efficient factors on appropriate implementation of this strategy according to importance of knowledge management in organizations. The main objective of the article is to examine the impact of social capital on the development of knowledge management in universities affiliated with the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology of Gilan. Due to the large size of research community, in data gathering phase, is used from a stratified random sampling. This research in terms of purpose is applied and in terms of data gathering is descriptive-correlation and specifically is based on structural equation modeling. After data gathering, for investigate the relationship between variables and hypothesis test, is used from lisrel and spss software. The results show that the social capital has positive and significant impact on knowledge management and its five main processes.</span><span>This article survey the impact of social capital on the development of knowledge management and its five main processes includes acquisition, record, creation, transfer and application of knowledge in the Universities affiliated with the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology of Gilan. Today, organizations must be able to acquire the knowledge needed for innovation in products and improve processes and publish it among their employees and use in all their daily efforts. Understanding the factors influencing organizational knowledge management is the primary action of effective use of the organization's intellectual capital. The concept of social capital refers to link and communication between members of a network as a source of valuable, and with creating the norms and mutual trust, lead to achieving member goals. In the absence of social capital, other capitals lose their effectiveness and pacing the cultural and economic development and evolution ways is uneven and difficult. This article follows the efficient factors on appropriate implementation of this strategy according to importance of knowledge management in organizations. The main objective of the article is to examine the impact of social capital on the development of knowledge management in universities affiliated with the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology of Gilan. Due to the large size of research community, in data gathering phase, is used from a stratified random sampling. This research in terms of purpose is applied and in terms of data gathering is descriptive-correlation and specifically is based on structural equation modeling. After data gathering, for investigate the relationship between variables and hypothesis test, is used from lisrel and spss software. The results show that the social capital has positive and significant impact on knowledge management and its five main processes.</span>https://www.behboodmodiriat.ir/article_42792_ac779ec50e0e6976c00326483905217e.pdfDefence Industries Training and Research InstituteJournal of Improvement Management2251-89916320120922Developing a Model to Rank and Evaluate Personnel Performance in Hazardous Jobs A Case Study of Guilan Gas CompanyDeveloping a Model to Rank and Evaluate Personnel Performance in Hazardous Jobs A Case Study of Guilan Gas Company325942793FAMahmood MoradiAssistant Professor, Faculty of Literatures and Humanities, University of Guilan, Rasht, IranAli JamaliAssistant Professor, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht, IranBehnaz ZanjaniMSc in Industrial Management, Faculty of Literatures and Humanities, University of Guilan, Rasht, IranJournal Article19700101<span>In an operational and hazardous job perform the tasks that one event can lead to the wound or even death, Because of the sensitivity of such jobs, one of the main steps in reducing damages is assessing personnel performance in order to evaluate personnel ability to deal with hazards and risks associated with the job. Job performance assessment provides the feedbacks as a basis for improving performance and increasing individual and team effectiveness. Performance evaluation requires to identify dimensions affecting the job performance and to develop an appropriate model for these jobs. Moreover, since the nature of these jobs always mixes some degree of risk-prone with decisions, evaluation must be done by using techniques sensitive to the degree of riskprone of decision maker. The decision maker may want to judge performance based on positive traits or negative traits of personnel according to the risk. As a result, after identifying right criteria affecting job performance, this paper develops a performance assessment model whose fitness is confirmed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Then, view of the importance of the degree of risk-prone, it applies Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA) operator as one of the Multi Criteria Decision Making in order to optimize the method of ranking and evaluating personnel. OWA is able to provide different solutions based on the degree of risk-prone/ risk-aversion of decision maker. So, it can lead to more accurate results. Finally, relief workers of Guilan Gas Company are ranked based on their performance during one year by using OWA.</span><span>In an operational and hazardous job perform the tasks that one event can lead to the wound or even death, Because of the sensitivity of such jobs, one of the main steps in reducing damages is assessing personnel performance in order to evaluate personnel ability to deal with hazards and risks associated with the job. Job performance assessment provides the feedbacks as a basis for improving performance and increasing individual and team effectiveness. Performance evaluation requires to identify dimensions affecting the job performance and to develop an appropriate model for these jobs. Moreover, since the nature of these jobs always mixes some degree of risk-prone with decisions, evaluation must be done by using techniques sensitive to the degree of riskprone of decision maker. The decision maker may want to judge performance based on positive traits or negative traits of personnel according to the risk. As a result, after identifying right criteria affecting job performance, this paper develops a performance assessment model whose fitness is confirmed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Then, view of the importance of the degree of risk-prone, it applies Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA) operator as one of the Multi Criteria Decision Making in order to optimize the method of ranking and evaluating personnel. OWA is able to provide different solutions based on the degree of risk-prone/ risk-aversion of decision maker. So, it can lead to more accurate results. Finally, relief workers of Guilan Gas Company are ranked based on their performance during one year by using OWA.</span>https://www.behboodmodiriat.ir/article_42793_88f7322e764273eb8a812314596185c8.pdfDefence Industries Training and Research InstituteJournal of Improvement Management2251-89916320120922A model of Industry and Technology Development in I.R.Iran; Small Nucleus and Big Network Learning From Defense Industries and Modeling for Oil IndustryA model of Industry and Technology Development in I.R.Iran; Small Nucleus and Big Network Learning From Defense Industries and Modeling for Oil Industry609742794FAHamid Reza Fartouk ZadehAssociate Professor, Faculty of Management and Industrial Engineering, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.0000-0001-8365-5085Javad VaziriPhD candidate of Science and Technology Policy. Faculty of Management and Economics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.Mohamad Reza AzaraeinPhD candidate of Science and Technology Policy, Department of Science and Research Policy, National Research Institute for Science Policy, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article19700101<span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en">Apart from the effects of each country's defense sector on technological learning at the national level, the successful experiences of this sector in our country provide good lessons for technology development in other sectors and a pattern of positive government intervention and support. Dissemination of defense technologies. In this study, we will first review the characteristics of the defense industry, which makes it a model for other sectors. The defense development model, known as the "Small Nucleus and Big Network" model, will be briefly reviewed, and then a framework for implementing this model in the oil industry will be provided. In this framework, an arrangement of institutions influencing the value chain of the oil industry is presented and the formation of different types of nuclei and the institution in charge of the core and network in the oil industry are discussed. Finally, ideas for the development of the oil industry based on this model will be presented.</span><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en">Apart from the effects of each country's defense sector on technological learning at the national level, the successful experiences of this sector in our country provide good lessons for technology development in other sectors and a pattern of positive government intervention and support. Dissemination of defense technologies. In this study, we will first review the characteristics of the defense industry, which makes it a model for other sectors. The defense development model, known as the "Small Nucleus and Big Network" model, will be briefly reviewed, and then a framework for implementing this model in the oil industry will be provided. In this framework, an arrangement of institutions influencing the value chain of the oil industry is presented and the formation of different types of nuclei and the institution in charge of the core and network in the oil industry are discussed. Finally, ideas for the development of the oil industry based on this model will be presented.</span>https://www.behboodmodiriat.ir/article_42794_580dca9abae6866c77522435faded1c6.pdfDefence Industries Training and Research InstituteJournal of Improvement Management2251-89916320120922The Effect of Export Promotion Programs on Firm Export PerformanceThe Effect of Export Promotion Programs on Firm Export Performance9813542795FAAsghar MoshabakiProfessor, Faculty of Management and Economics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.Ali Akbar KhademiPhD in International Marketing, Faculty of Management and Economics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20170205This study investigates the direct and indirect effects of government export promotion programs internal and external environmental factors on firm export performance and proposes and tests a comprehensive model for firm export performance. For this purpose, after reviewing the related literature and models, the conceptual model was developed and then modified by experts. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were used for testing the final conceptual model. In the first step by use of deep interview technique the conceptual model was validated and modified by the experts and secondly the model was finally tested by a researcher-made questionnaire. Statistical population of this study was all of the 152 best-selected exporting companies divided into 14 product groups within industries and mines and technical and engineering services which were chosen in the last 12 years by Iran's Trade Promotion Organization as top national exporters. 298 managers and senior experts of the mentioned companies were selected and questioned. The result showed that although the export promotion programs do not directly affect the firms export performance, but do have indirect effects on export performance through internal environmental factors. Other results indicate that internal and external environmental factors have a meaningful effect on export performance.This study investigates the direct and indirect effects of government export promotion programs internal and external environmental factors on firm export performance and proposes and tests a comprehensive model for firm export performance. For this purpose, after reviewing the related literature and models, the conceptual model was developed and then modified by experts. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were used for testing the final conceptual model. In the first step by use of deep interview technique the conceptual model was validated and modified by the experts and secondly the model was finally tested by a researcher-made questionnaire. Statistical population of this study was all of the 152 best-selected exporting companies divided into 14 product groups within industries and mines and technical and engineering services which were chosen in the last 12 years by Iran's Trade Promotion Organization as top national exporters. 298 managers and senior experts of the mentioned companies were selected and questioned. The result showed that although the export promotion programs do not directly affect the firms export performance, but do have indirect effects on export performance through internal environmental factors. Other results indicate that internal and external environmental factors have a meaningful effect on export performance.https://www.behboodmodiriat.ir/article_42795_6224049ef9ae939d229d6a4f8afe0458.pdfDefence Industries Training and Research InstituteJournal of Improvement Management2251-89916320120922The Identification of Mainstreams of Regional Innovation Development by Co-Word Analysis MethodologyThe Identification of Mainstreams of Regional Innovation Development by Co-Word Analysis Methodology13615842796FAShaban ElahiAssociate Professor, Faculty of Management and Economics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.Reza NaghizadehPhD candidate of Science and Technology Policy, Faculty of Management and Economics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.Sepehr GhazinooryAssociate Professor, Faculty of Management and Economics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.0000-0002-6761-4694Manochehr ManteghiAssociate Professor, Faculty of Management and Industrial Engineering, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article19700101<span>Regional Innovation Development (RID) has become so important in the recent decades, especially for large and developing countries. There are controversial views regarding the aspects of innovation development in regions among geographers, planners and policy makers. This paper has tried to make clear the mainstreams of Regional Innovation Development concept and their borders by Co-words analysis methodology. In this paper, three hundred papers from 1990 to 2012 in the Scopus and SAGE scientific databases are used for presenting RID conceptual map as an output of Cowords analysis methodology. Thereafter, the consequences of Co-words analysis are investigated by existing literatures in Regional Innovation Development. The results of Co-words analysis beside RID conceptual map on the basis literature review made clear the borders and characteristics of RID mainstreams. Finally, the RID concepts and theories are clustered in three mainstreams. This categorization helps policy makers to realize RID mainstreams for making better decisions based on scientific and applicable attitudes. Furthermore, , academic environments and experts based on the results of this research can be concentrated more on policy implications and roots of RID mainstreams.</span><span>Regional Innovation Development (RID) has become so important in the recent decades, especially for large and developing countries. There are controversial views regarding the aspects of innovation development in regions among geographers, planners and policy makers. This paper has tried to make clear the mainstreams of Regional Innovation Development concept and their borders by Co-words analysis methodology. In this paper, three hundred papers from 1990 to 2012 in the Scopus and SAGE scientific databases are used for presenting RID conceptual map as an output of Cowords analysis methodology. Thereafter, the consequences of Co-words analysis are investigated by existing literatures in Regional Innovation Development. The results of Co-words analysis beside RID conceptual map on the basis literature review made clear the borders and characteristics of RID mainstreams. Finally, the RID concepts and theories are clustered in three mainstreams. This categorization helps policy makers to realize RID mainstreams for making better decisions based on scientific and applicable attitudes. Furthermore, , academic environments and experts based on the results of this research can be concentrated more on policy implications and roots of RID mainstreams.</span>https://www.behboodmodiriat.ir/article_42796_c69b2625c5bbf16ddc56f716dfe79566.pdfDefence Industries Training and Research InstituteJournal of Improvement Management2251-89916320120922Strategic Planning and Performance: Exploring the Flexibility RoleStrategic Planning and Performance: Exploring the Flexibility Role15917842797FABahman HajipourAssociate Professor, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, iran0000-0001-8972-4002Hamed Nazarpour KashaniPhD candidate of Business Management, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20170205<span>This article extends the debate regarding the relationship between strategic planning and performance. The current study investigates the mediating effects of flexibility on the strategic planning and performance relationship. Flexibility is defined as the extent to which new and alternative decisions are generated and considered in strategic planning, allowing for positive organizational change and adaptation to environmental turbulence. This research is an applied research. Through a structural equation model, we find that flexibility mediate the relationship between strategic planning and financial and non-financial performance.</span><span>This article extends the debate regarding the relationship between strategic planning and performance. The current study investigates the mediating effects of flexibility on the strategic planning and performance relationship. Flexibility is defined as the extent to which new and alternative decisions are generated and considered in strategic planning, allowing for positive organizational change and adaptation to environmental turbulence. This research is an applied research. Through a structural equation model, we find that flexibility mediate the relationship between strategic planning and financial and non-financial performance.</span>https://www.behboodmodiriat.ir/article_42797_88d366a3789ef314103a1d844dcf9c6c.pdfDefence Industries Training and Research InstituteJournal of Improvement Management2251-89916320120922Stability and Constancy of Efficiency Level in Iranian Commercial Banks: DEA Window AnalysisStability and Constancy of Efficiency Level in Iranian Commercial Banks: DEA Window Analysis17920242798FAEhsan RajabiPhD candidate of Financial Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia.Khadijeh NasrollahiAssociate Professor, Faculty of Administrative Sciences and Economics. University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.Journal Article19700101Evaluation of bank system performance in long term, optimum scale activity and stability of efficiency can be important subjects for bank managements and supervisory buddies for planning activates. This paper have investigated efficiency level of commercial banks of Iran by employing Data Analysis under constant and variable returns to scale and input oriented model in time period of 1991-2006. Input variables were labor force, fixed assets, bank deposits and ratio of branch number over number of Automatic Teller Machines (ATM). The credit facilities, investments and gross profit were output variables for bank activity in intermediary model. <br />Based on research findings, Melli bank and Refah Kargaran bank were more efficient than the others in both constant and variable returns to scale and better performance in allocation of production inputs and outputs. In the conditions of variable returns to scale, bank efficiency wasn't stable and consistent over the time. The pure technical efficiency has been increased by increasing in total assets but scale of activity was not optimum. <br />Commercial banks have activated under increasing return to scale and for achieving higher level of efficiency, the banks could upgrade scale of their activities. Also, there is significant relationship between the ratio of branches over ATM and technical efficiency. In other words, by increasing utilization of ATM in banks could lead to improve bank performance.Evaluation of bank system performance in long term, optimum scale activity and stability of efficiency can be important subjects for bank managements and supervisory buddies for planning activates. This paper have investigated efficiency level of commercial banks of Iran by employing Data Analysis under constant and variable returns to scale and input oriented model in time period of 1991-2006. Input variables were labor force, fixed assets, bank deposits and ratio of branch number over number of Automatic Teller Machines (ATM). The credit facilities, investments and gross profit were output variables for bank activity in intermediary model. <br />Based on research findings, Melli bank and Refah Kargaran bank were more efficient than the others in both constant and variable returns to scale and better performance in allocation of production inputs and outputs. In the conditions of variable returns to scale, bank efficiency wasn't stable and consistent over the time. The pure technical efficiency has been increased by increasing in total assets but scale of activity was not optimum. <br />Commercial banks have activated under increasing return to scale and for achieving higher level of efficiency, the banks could upgrade scale of their activities. Also, there is significant relationship between the ratio of branches over ATM and technical efficiency. In other words, by increasing utilization of ATM in banks could lead to improve bank performance.https://www.behboodmodiriat.ir/article_42798_7621aef4313bab37e29f723cc3c88024.pdfDefence Industries Training and Research InstituteJournal of Improvement Management2251-89916320120922An Investigation on the Drivers and Barriers Toward the Development of Industrial Clusters _ A Case Study of Yazd Textile ClusterAn Investigation on the Drivers and Barriers Toward the Development of Industrial Clusters _ A Case Study of Yazd Textile Cluster20322642799FAMohammad Abooyee ArdakanAssociate Professor, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.Mahdieh MotamediMSc in Executive Management, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article19700101<span>The growth of industrial clusters has become a recognized approach to small businesses development for more than two decades. Understanding of its diverse aspects has taken the attention of researchers and policymakers in many developed and developing countries in this study, we examined Yazd Textile Cluster for further identification of its barriers and driving on growth path and extracted a list of 31 effective factors on development of industrial clusters with a brief study of the formation and evolution of textile industry in this region via literature study and review of previous research This list is utilized as a theoretical framework basis for the case study of Yazd Textile Cluster development factors. Along with preparation of investigation plan, data from various sources including the combination of library and field studies such as individual interviews and focus groups were systematically collected based on extracted factors. Also, continuous data analysis performed through systematic data collection by using editing and coding techniques until the saturation of the findings. Finally. 14 and 25 titles from the main factors are identified as promoters and inhibitors factors related to the growth of "Yazd Textile cluster". Porter's diamond model was employed as an appropriate structure to explain factors conditions due to variety of identified explanatory factors and vast range of existing data.</span><span>The growth of industrial clusters has become a recognized approach to small businesses development for more than two decades. Understanding of its diverse aspects has taken the attention of researchers and policymakers in many developed and developing countries in this study, we examined Yazd Textile Cluster for further identification of its barriers and driving on growth path and extracted a list of 31 effective factors on development of industrial clusters with a brief study of the formation and evolution of textile industry in this region via literature study and review of previous research This list is utilized as a theoretical framework basis for the case study of Yazd Textile Cluster development factors. Along with preparation of investigation plan, data from various sources including the combination of library and field studies such as individual interviews and focus groups were systematically collected based on extracted factors. Also, continuous data analysis performed through systematic data collection by using editing and coding techniques until the saturation of the findings. Finally. 14 and 25 titles from the main factors are identified as promoters and inhibitors factors related to the growth of "Yazd Textile cluster". Porter's diamond model was employed as an appropriate structure to explain factors conditions due to variety of identified explanatory factors and vast range of existing data.</span>https://www.behboodmodiriat.ir/article_42799_62823a2ddd5e11d4f14bdc28c886cc80.pdf